Learning and Behavior

LEARNING THEORY: WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT GOT THIS WAY Philosophical Roots Biological Roots A Science of Learning and Behavior Tools for Analyzing Learning and Behavior Summary LEARNING AND ADAPTATION Evolution and Behavior Adaptation in Instrumental Conditioning Adaptation in Classical Conditioning Other Parallels between Signal and Response Learning Summary THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF CONDITIONING The Basic Conditioning Experiment Methods for Studying Classical Conditioning Things That Affect the Strength of Conditioning Conditioned Inhibition Information Value in Conditioning Summary THEORIES OF CONDITIONING The Rescorla-Wagner Model Some Problems with the Rescorla-Wagner Model The Role of Attention in Conditioning Short-Term Memory and Learning Nodes, Connections, and Conditioning Summary WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO BEHAVIOR, ANYWAY? Memory and Learning The Modulation of Behavior Understanding the Nature of the Conditioned Response Summary ARE THE LAWS OF CONDITIONING GENERAL? Everything You Know is Wrong Special Characteristics of Flavor Aversion Learning Some Reasons Why Learning Laws May Be General Associative Learning in Honey Bees and Humans Conclusion Summary BEHAVIOR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES Basic Tools and Issues The Relationship between Behavior and Payoff Theories of Reinforcement Summary HOW STIMULI GUIDE INSTRUMENTAL ACTION Introduction Categorization and Discrimination Basic Processes of Generalization and Discrimination Another Look at the Information Processing System The Cognition of Time The Cognition of Space Summary THE MOTIVATION OF INSTRUMENTAL ACTION How Motivational States Affect Behavior Anticipating Reward and Punishment Dynamic Effects of Motivating Stimuli Summary A SYNTHETIC PERSPECTIVE ON INSTRUMENTAL ACTION Avoidance Learning Parallels in Appetitive Learning A Cognitive Analysis of Instrumental Action Summary MARK E. BOUTON is Professor of Psychology at the University of Vermont, USA, and a leading researcher in the field of animal learning, cognition, and behavior. He has been a Fulbright Scholar, a James McKeen Cattell Scholar, a University Scholar at the University of Vermont, and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Stanford). He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science, and was Editor of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, the field's most prestigious journal, from 1998 until 2003. He has taught an up-to-date course in Learning for 26 years, which is now given away in his book.